<Extracted from the Part I, section 6.4, Interjections and direct addresses of the book Pārsīg Language (The so-called Pahlavi): Parts of Speech, Word Formation, and Phonology, Sade publication, 2017, written by Raham Asha>
Interjections and direct addresses
alā ‘alas! oh!’ (Pers. الا/ هلا ‘ho! beware!’).
AZ 84.
ē/ ay/ āy ‘O!’ (Av. āi interj., Pers. ای آی).
āi aṣāum zaraθuštra : ē ahlav Zardušt. Yt 1.26 guft kū : ay, ped cē abāyišn hed? TM 3 cē āy mardōmān ēn cahār tis, ī-šān ped daxšag vēš abāyed menīdan, kamdar menend: vardišnīgīh ī tis ī gētīg, ud margīh ī tan, ud āmār ī ruvān, ud bīm ī dušox. MX 18.2-3
ēnak ‘lo! behold! look here!; voici’ (cf. ēn ‘this’. Pers. اینک ‘behold! now!’).
ēnak āyed nāvāz nēv ud farrox, kē nāvān xvad vidāred az drayāb. TM 224 I mardōmān, ēnak xvaš zīved ud raved, ud ped xvēškārīh toxšed! J 4 ēnak-imān ašnūd andar efratā: u-mān vindād ped kišvānzār. Ps 131.6 ēnak ēd rāymast šāh ī rōšnān kē dāšnān nēvān hambaxšed. TM 224 I u-t-išān ēnak ānāft ēvēn ‘Behold, they have rejected your laws’. Ps 118.126.
ōn ‘O!’ is often used in Parthian verses.
(Parth.) ōn frēštagān ud yamagān, būžed-mān až harv vidang. TM 4a II
ōy/ ōh ‘behold!’ (OPers. avadā ‘there’, Parth. ōδ ‘id.’, Osset. wæd ‘at that time’, Bal. oδ ‘there’).
ōy hudān pedīrā-mān sūdegarīh, ud afsōsīyend turāgarān-t. Ps 122 C
vay/ vāy ‘woe, alas !’, s. ‘woe, misery’ (Av. vayōi, avōi, Paz. vae).
vāy ō mardōm bavād kē-z …! KAP 13.4 vāy nūn … DV (F 8b)
zih/ zīh ‘well done! bravo!’ (Pers. زه , زهازه).
šāhān šāh sē bār guft kū: zih! VC 8
-ā (l’apostrophe solennelle):
vāš hē ud vadxrad, abēsūd draxt-ā ! DA 27 (42)
-ēd:
dēv-ēd ‘O Daēva!’ Dk iii M 252.
- Certain words and phrases are used with the force of interjections:
afsōs ‘alas!’;
pargast ‘let it not be!, Heaven forbid!’ < *para-gasta;
cē agar pargast xvāstag bē šaved, ayāb cahārbāy bē mīred, xrad bē māned. HAM 104
vah ‘good; wow’;
xunak ‘happy, blessed; blessed be’; etc.
xunak ōy mard kē-šān purr kunād kwtyly /kantīr/ aziš. ‘Blessed is the man that has his quiver full of [arrows]!’ Ps 126.5.